A Comparison Regarding the Utilization of Development Input among the Lodhas of Paschim Medinipur District, West Bengal

In this article compared the utilization of various types of development inputs among the Lodha community a scheduled tribe in three administrative blocks of Paschim west Medinipur district of West Bengal The study identified landlessness and poverty as major constraints in implementing developmental programmes among the Lodhas Distribution of patta land to landless Lodha families by the Government was not done appropriately No proper planning for developmental inputs like housing scheme under IAY was done In addition the gadgets like solar cells distributed to the poor and landless Lodha families were not used Many of them sold the solar cells to the wealthy neighbours Under this above scenario we compared the utilization of development inputs in the three blocks In this study I have found that three major development inputs like patta house and solar cells are lies very worst scenario both in terms of patta and solar cell distribution and its utilisation by the beneficiary families in Binpur-II block The development assistance given in the form of high technology solar cells revealed a grim scenario both at Binpur II and Nayagram blocks while the Solar cell has not been given to the Lodha families of Narayangarh block But the beneficiaries of Narayangarh block showed the overall best performance towards the utilisation of other development keys was found to be fairly well The study revealed that the utilization of development inputs depended on policy and planning as well as social and political factors Finally some recommendations are advanced for better implantation of development inputs among this marginalized community of West Benga

Socialism in G.B Shaw’s Arms and the Man: A study of Realism and Idealism

The objective of this paper is to describe socialism in George Bernard Shaw’s play Arms and the Man and compare and contrast between realism and idealism. George Bernard Shaw known as Barnard Shaw is a famous dramatist of later half of 19th century and early half of 20th century. Shavian play is gradually based on social problems. Shaw introduces the problems and also find a solution by discussion. So, his plays are known as ‘problem play’ and ‘discussion play’. Shaw reveals his idea through shocking sentences. His words at first shatter our old ideas but gradually we realize its utility. The Shavian hero posses Life Force. Life Force means a practical mind without any illusion of life. The play Arms and the Man is also followed the same tradition. The subtitle of the play is ‘an anti romantic comedy in three acts’. In his play the first act introduces a problem, second act develops it and third act resolves the problem with discussion. Shaw’s pleasant plays are apparently comic but it makes us laugh but they also make us think. Shaw also delivers serious ideas through the guise of comic manner. As a result common ideas seen new. Here he placed two heroes Bluntschli who is rational and calculative and Sergius who is romantic and impulsive and two heroines Raina and Louka. In this play Shaw satirizes War by these two hero, Marriage by these two hero and heroine and Slavery by Nicola

Cultural Juxtaposition in R.K Naryan’s novel The Guide

R K Narayan is one of the celebrated novelists of that era. His novel The Guide won the Sahitya Academy Award. The main objective of the paper is to discuss about the mixing of Indian and western culture. Indian is a country where logic and belief sit side by side. The novel maybe inspired by an incident in Mysore. Here acute drought completely dried up Krishna Raja Sagar. Some religious chanting took place for rain. The novelist combined the enforced sainthood with that incident. The novel has two layer of narrative. The third person narrative starts with Raju when he came out of jail. The first person narrative is Raju's recollection of past life to Velan. The novel The Guide has myth and reality blended in the plot. The life of Raju closely follows the concept of Chaturasham. Rosie who is an educated woman still carries some Indian values and Raju's mother carries traditional Indian rules. The two place village Mongal And town Malgudi shows two India in a single globe. While Malgudi is a commercial town with money sharks, Mongal is a place where ever a poor pays homage to a spiritual man with blind faith. The novelist juxtaposes both the sides into one pattern to portray real India in his novel

IN SILICO ANALYSIS OF A PUTATIVE MOLYBDENUM TRANSPORTER (MoT) IN BUFFALO

Almost all living organism require to transport molybdenum (Mo) from outside cellular milieu for maintenance of essential life processes. Mo is serving as cofactor for catalytic activity of xanthine dehydrogenase, aldehyde oxidase and sulphite oxidase from bacteria to mammals. Although Mo transport is well established in prokaryotes and some eukaryotes including plants, little information is available on Mo transport system in mammals. Recently, HsMoT2/MFSD5 was reported to transport Mo by its over expression in HEK-293T cells. But the structural and functional annotation of MoT2/MFSD5 gene product is missing in mammals and still no sequence information is available on farm animals, particularly in buffalo. Here we cloned and sequenced buffalo MoT/MFSD5 and analysed the sequence in silico. We predicted that buffalo MoT is unstable, hydrophobic and trans membrane protein with 50KD molecular weight. It is having 11 trans membrane helices to traverse the cell membrane. Functionally the protein shared sequence homology with a sugar porter family, bovine MFSD5. Three-dimensional model of buffalo MoT was also analysed using Raptor X server that predicted the protein is having two-fold pseudo symmetry between N and C terminal domain. Finally, we performed comparative analysis of buffalo MoT with human and cattle which revealed the protein is highly conserved both structurally and functionally. Thus, the structural and functional annotation of buffalo MoT would pave a way to design suitable mutants or inhibitors which could be exploited to manage Mo deficiency and Mo toxicity in ruminants

Psychosocial and quality of life assessment in cancer patients: a pilot study in Indian set up

Background: Routine screening for distress is internationally recommended as a standard of care among cancer patients. This study was conducted to assess the level of stress and determine the association between quality of life (QOL) with demographic, socio-economic status, treatment phase, cancer stage, etc.Methods: An observational study, performed in the department of Clinical Oncology, Nayati Multi Super Speciality Hospital, Mathura, India. Data of 62 histopathologically proven cancer patients between Nov 2016 and July 2018, were analyzed. This pilot study was conducted to assess the QOL and stress levels of cancer patients by using scales of WHOQOL-BREF, QSC-R23 and Hamilton scale. Results: Among 62 cancer patients, high distress along with poor QOL was seen maximum in males, 40-60 year age group and educated. In majority of domains, high distress was found in middle class, whereas poor QOL was found in Lower class in Environmental domain (p<0.01). We found higher distress in nuclear families (p<0.05). High distress was seen in cancer patients who were aware of illness and was found to statistically significant. Poor QOL in stage 4 was found to be statistically significant in Psychological domain of WHOQOL-BREF. High distress was found in patients undergoing treatment in all patients as compared to Pre-treatment phase and Post-treatment phase (p<0.05).Conclusion: To assess psychological stress in cancer patients using all three scales we could not obtain a conclusive result covering all dimensions of QOL. So, in our next study authors plan to develop one indigenous new scale

Retrospective analysis of random and systematic errors in radiation therapy of head and neck cancer patients and its clinical predictive implications with VMAT treatment

Background: The accuracy of radiotherapy is based on the matching of 2D portal/CBCT image with a reference image. The aim of this study is to determine the random and systematic setup errors (in cm) in radiotherapy of head and neck cancer patients and to derive the setup margin and its clinical implications.Methods: Author retrospectively reviewed the records of 25 head and neck cancer (HNC) patients treated with radiotherapy between Dec 2017 and July 2018. After immobilization, setup accuracy was assessed by registration of XVI image with planning reference image using Elekta XVI image guidance system and the isocenter correction was applied. For each patient 10 CBCT image sets were taken. The translational errors in X, Y and Z directions were used to estimate systematic (Σ) and random (σ) errors and to derive the final setup margin by using van Herk’s formula (2.5Σ + 0.7σ).Results: The mean translational errors ranges from -0.23 cm to 0.32 cm in Lateral (X), -0.15 to 0.16 cm in Longitudinal (Y) and -0.11 to 0.17 cm in vertical (Z) directions. The Mean and SD for systematic errors 0.21±0.13, 0.11±0.18, 0.14±0.11 and random error (in cm) are -0.03±0.33, 0.00±0.21 and 0.05±0.30 in X, Y and Z axis respectively. The final total margin for CTV to PTV including setup margin in the X, Y and Z directions (in cm) were 0.56, 0.61, and 0.47 respectively.Conclusion: Thus, the precise immobilization techniques are very important to reduce the setup margins, and the number of CBCTs during head and neck radiotherapy treatment

MICROBIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF BOVINE FROZEN SEMEN SAMPLES IN WEST BENGAL, INDIA

A total number of 860 French mini straws (0.25 ml) of frozen semen from 215 bulls from three different farms namely frozen semen bull station (FSBS), Harighata Farm (98), FSBS, Salboni (93) and Sperm Station, Beldanga (24) were evaluated for bacterial load by standard plate count (SPC) technique using soyabean casein digest agar and 1% plain agar media. Following incubation at 37°C for 72 hrs average colony forming unit (CFU) was estimated and bacteria were identified. Different micro-organisms identified in frozen semen samples were Staphylococcus spp., Micrococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., Corynebacterium spp., Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp., Bacillus spp. other than Bacillus anthracis and Streptococcus spp. Several of these bacteria have been identified in association with breeding failure in cattle and warrants precautionary and preventive measures for successful breeding program